What characteristics and events in Chinese history prevented China Essay

What characteristics and events in Chinese history prevented China from becoming a world power before 1949 - Essay Example This paper will outline some of the main contours leading to the Chinese rise of economic superiority over the western civilization prior to the 19th century, after which it will be possible to account for the rise of the western civilization from the eastern origins. From as early as 1078, historical records indicate that china was the world’s major steel producer, thereby outweighing the British as producers of steel. Apart from this production, it is also possible to determine that China was leading in international trade, thereby possessing the largest commercial ships, which had the capacity of transporting 3,000 tons worth of goods. By 1750, it is possible to determine that China’s per capita income could probably match that of Great Britain since they had a stable economy, technological developments and high agricultural yields. From this point, the Europeans and British manufacturers were able to follow China’s lead thereby borrowing and assimilating its advanced technology mainly for the penetration of the Chinese lucrative and advanced market. The western conquest of the East was militaristic, and they justified their conquest to with its non-reciprocal economic relation with their trading countries overseas. On the other hand, China’s predominance was on the basis of reciprocal benefits with its overseas trading partners since the country’s rulers were accustomed or relied on their superiority in production, banking skills and sophisticated commercial skills (Rosenthal et al, 36). In contrast, the western nations were relying on military conquest, destruction of competitiveness, and tariff protection. Consequently, it is possible to determine that the British were not hesitant in exterminating some of the communities that were resistant to their policies. With their inability to invade the Chinese market by great economic competitiveness, the British relied on military power in their conquest, thereby leading armed

Love in Kamala Dass Poetry Essay Example for Free

Love in Kamala Dass Poetry Essay Love and sex in her poetry become a paradigm for fractured realities encountered by the poetess. Essentially she speaks for a woman who is in search of love. She challenges the very idea of phallocentric tradition and asserts in poem after poem that the subaltern can speak. Post colonialism consists primarily in the contestation of power structures and social hierarchies. For Kamala Das a woman’s predicament as a daughter , a wife, or a lover reflects a victimization in relationships. Kamala Das revolts against a constructed notion of relationship. Women are not the self-sacrficial model of virtue or promiscuity. The hitherto premises of male hegemony are violently shaken by Kamala Das who can defy the conventional ideological discourse of sexism and love. She herself became a victim of a young man’s carnal hunger . In ‘The Freaks’, a remarkable lyric which was published in Summer in Calcutta contains a picture of love that is full of dirt and filth as the man ensconced in sexual intercourse turned his ‘sun-stained / Cheek to me , his mouth , a dark /Cavern, where stalacities of /Uneven teeth gleam , his right / Hand on my knee, while our minds/ Are willed to race towards love ; / But they only wander, tripping / Idly over puddles of desire† . The focus on the ‘puddles of desire’ refers to her unfulfilled sexual desire as her heart remains ‘ an empty cistern’. Kamala Das describes in ‘The Freaks’a man and a woman persona are described as capriciously and whimsically behaving in unexpected manner. The poem celebrates the mood of transitory triumph over the defeat of love : My glass , like a bride’s Nervous smile , and meet My lips. Dear , forgive This moment’s lull in Wanting you, the blur In memory. Elsewhere in the poem Kamala Das describes the ambience : The April sun , squeezed Like an orange in My glass? I sip the Fire , I drink,and drink Again, I am drunk. We get a poignant verbal drama in the expression. The graphic details of drinking and the April heat. The poem focuses on the inborn passivity of the male partner and yet it ends with the assertion : â€Å"I am freak†. This is the identity crisis of an Indian woman who fails to flaunt ‘ a grand flamboyant lust’ in spite of the dissatisfaction. Here the poetess highlight the notion of vehemence and impetuosity with which the poet appropriates and internalizes the vocabulary for mapping out the terrain for the post colonial women in social terms. She secures the first significant step toward the explosion of the myth of male supremacy propagated by patriarchy. This is in itself automatically presupposes the awareness of a shared fate of injustice. In The subjection of Women John Stuart Mill argues that the principle of servitude in marriage is a monstrous antithesis to all the principles of the modern world. For Mill the most liberating aspect is that human beings are no longer born to their place in life. Kamala Das has shown and is very loud in violently showing that to be born as a woman is to lose the capacity to transcend that place in life already determined by patriarchy. Here Kamala Das decides to empower herself as a woman. In ‘Forest Fire’ the poetess minces no word in recording her innate desire to consume all sorts of experiences in this world: Of late I have begun to feel a hunger To take in with greed , like a forest-fire that Consumes , and, with each killing gains a wilder Brighter charm,all that comes my way. A little later the fury of passions gets the most of her : My eyes lick at you like flames , my nerves Consume. This is not a refusal to acknowledge the tenets of valorization in masculine terms. We encounter in these lines paradigms of transgressions in the discourse, the female playing the male role . The readers are more directly taken into a woman’s quest for identity when the poetess can say in ‘The Looking Glass’ : Getting a man to love you is easy Only be honest about your wants as Woman. Kamala Das does not describe how man loves a woman, she is more interested in telling how a woman can get the love of a man: Stand nude before the glass with him So that he sees himself the stronger one And believes it so, and you so much more Softer , younger, lovelier†¦. Admit your Admiration. This is not urge for female hegemony but the quest for identity in a female mind. Surrendering is an image in the poetry of Kamala Das : Gift him what makes you woman The woman here knows that she will be left alone if the lover forsakes her. A lustful woman rarely succeeds. Getting a man to love is easy but afterward without the man it is a living without life. Joan Chittister writes : In the end women like other minorities who have been taught their natural limitations by the dominant culture in which they live, turn their anger against themselves†¦They know that women can not do what men can do, and they resent and scold and criticize any woman who tries to do it. They become the instruments of the system, its perfect product, its most important achievement. 156) Simultaneously, in a poem like ‘My Grandmother’s House’ published in Summer in Calcutta , there is a note of nostalgia in the depiction of the care-free days of childhood : â€Å" There is a house now far away where once / I received love †¦. That woman died†. In this poem the poetess felt â€Å" My blood turned cold like the moon†. The moon is a romantic image. But Kamala Das used it so realistically to reveal her broken heart and lost love. Bedroom door is like ‘a brooding dog’. The poetess peers through ‘ blind eyes of windows’. The polyphonic text about identities with the autobiographical voice multiply itself into myriad selves. K. R. S Iyengar characterizes some of Kamala Das’s poems as ‘confessional’. Devinder Kohli calls her poems â€Å" candid and witty piece of self-revelation’ In the confession, Kamala Das poignantly tries to straddle both worlds – the secret world of her desire and the world defined by the male chauvinists. But she is left with no option but to conform to the stereotype of the sexual –patriarchal man even when it outlines a mandate of a society that loathes any challenge coming from the females. The poetess tries to negotiate sexual difference, but the importance lies rather in the way it showcases male chauvinism in a patriarchal ideology constructing patterns of fixated behaviours exalting them as normal. Individuals in this quest of identity socialized themselves into a locus of role specificity which in the case of a female disrupts the orientations. It is the crisis of the role that sustains the split between the role the character plays in Kamala Das’ poems. ‘Spoiling the Name’ presents effectively one of Kamala Das’ central insights, as Devinder Kohli points out , the commitment of her poetic self to experience. The sighs are ‘metallic’ , limbs are curled at the ‘touch of air’ (‘A Relationship’)and ‘nudity on sheets of weeklies’( ‘Loud Posters’ ). Kamala Das mocks her ‘feminine integrity’ ( Sarkar Jaydip:84) when she finds in a shamefully helpless situation as in ‘The Freaks’ with the lover whose mouth is a dark Cavern where stalacities of Uneven teeth gleam It is not that the subversion is apparent everywhere. Women also gravitate from aspiring to be transgressive social agents to artitculating their muted histories, finally pointing up the truth that they were forced to suppress. In the poem ‘Love’ there is a ‘celebration of happiness and contentment in love â€Å" My life lies, content / in you† (Sarkar Jaydip: 86). The poetess was committed to the sensual world , true, but in her life partner she tried to achieve the shared identity . She sought a life beautifying force of love which might be equated with physical relationship. Sterility and vacant ecstasy were all that Kamala Das abhorred and herein she had her disillusionment. Love that is extra marital was not Kamala Das’ angst , rather her inner self created for herself a tiny world in which the trauma of love and marriage were distant cries, hardly heard of. In the ‘Sunshine Cat’she depicted the picture of ‘a cold and half dead woman’ who was of no use to her. The cat might be her own feminine self as well. In ‘Winter’ , the celebration of sex was a theme,but it was more a desperate attempt of her soul for groping for roots in his body(Sarkar Jaydip: 85). As a singer of feminine sensibility she protests against restraints of society , and simultaneously she shakes off the rigid gender roles , determination triggered by situational factors. In 1948, Alfred Kinsey published Sexual Behavior in the Human Male in which sexual orientation was placed on ‘a graduated continuum’ ( Kinsey: 638). Kinsey advocated a re-appraisal of the treatment meted out to queer beings by way of isolation and rehabilitation. The hypocrisy latent in marriage is due to societal pressures. In most occasions , the victims in such marriage of convenience is the wife, that Kamala herself was and who wanted to express the oppressive anguish of her own life. Thus on the one hand, the poems of Kamala Das are visualizations of her own pains, but at the same time they are the demeaning perceptions galvanizing the concomitant negativity into a motive for further exploration of female psyche. The fantastically confessional poem ‘The Old Playhouse’ reveals this agony of the mind of the poetess: It was not to gather Knowledge Of yet another man that I came to you but to Learn What I was and by learning to learn to grow †¦(K. S. Ramamurti:151) This is what we mean by ‘pathei mathos’,wisdom consisting in suffering, the poetess gradually learning to cope up with demands of the more realistic world and compromising with her dreams as the potential abilities of the human body got stunted by the sterility of the man she loved. We may safely surmise that the poems do not become an erotic world in spite of all the sexual replenishments for the starving soul of a woman. Nor the poems become an articulation of a muted feminine consciousness. Kamala Das exploded the stigma of vulnerability and gained a critical consciousness to stand up to the deforming norms of the conventional intercourses in marital life or love life,whatever it is. It was not in her capacity to reorder the chaotic world into a cosmos. At best she could suggest some therapeutic rehabilitation of a trauma-ridden woman who survives the psychological abuses, manipulation and a dreariness of emotional desert. The poems serve for such a starving soul as a rallying point. K. R. S. Iyengar rightly remarks : â€Å" Kamala Das is a fiercely feminine sensibility that dares without inhibitions to articulate that the hurts it has received in an insensitive largely man-made world. † ( Iyengar: 667) . Reading List Works cited Das Kamala , Summer in Calcutta, New Delhi: Everest Press, 1965. The Old Playhouse and Other Poems. Madras: Orient Longman, 1973. My Story , New Delhi, Sterling Publishers, , 1976. - Tonight , This Savage Rite: The Love Poems of Kamala Das Pritish Nandy. New Delhi: Arnold- Heinemann (India) 1979. Only the Soul Knows How to Sing. Kottayam: DC Books, 1996. Primary Sources . 1. Lal. P. Ed. Modern Indian Poetry in English : An Anthology and a Credo, Calcutta: Writer’s Workshop, 1969. 2. Kotoky , P. C. Indo English Poetry, Gauhati: Gauhati University, 1969. 3. James ,Vinson (ed. ) Contemporary Poets,New York: St. Martin Press,1975. 4. Abidi, S. Z . H. Studies in Indo Anglian Poetry, Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 1979. . Parthasarathi, R. Ed. Ten Twentieth –Century Indian Poets. New Delhi: OUP. 2nd Ed. 1980 6. Shahane, Vasant A. and Sivaram Krishna, M. (eds. ) Indian Poetry in English : A Critical Assessment . Delhi: Macmillan, 1980. 7. Rahman ,Anisur. Expressive Form in the Poetry of Kamala Das. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1981. 8. Stella ,Samdahl. ‘South Asian Literature: A Linguistic Perspective’, A Meeting of Streams. (ed). M. G. Vassanji,,Toronto: TSAR,1985. 9. Chindhade ,Shirish. Five Indian English Poets , New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1996. 10. De Souza , Eunice. Nine Indian Women Poets : An Anthology. New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997. 11. Mitapalli Rajeswar et. al. Kamala Das: A Critical Spectrum. New Delhi: Atlantic,2001. 12. Gokak, V. K. (ed. ) The Golden Treasury of Indo Anglian Poetry. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2004. . Secondary Sources: 1. Kohli ,Devinder. Virgin Whiteness: The Poetry of Kamala Das. Calcutta: Writers Workshop, 1968. 2. K. R. S. Iyengar, Indian Writing in English , New Delhi Allied Publishers,1962; 2nd ed. , 1973. 3. King ,Bruce . Modern Poetry in English, Delhi, Oxford University Press. 1987. 4. Joan D. Chittister, Heart of Flesh: A Feminist Spirituality for Women and Men Cambridge and Ontario : WmB. Eerdsmans Publishing Company, 1998. 5. Alfred C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior in lthe Human Male. Philadelphia: W. B Saunders: Bloomington, Indian U Press, 1948 2nd Ed. ,1998. 5. Banerjee,Benoy Kumar ; Bakshi, Kaustav. Studies in Indian Poetry in English, Kolkata: Books Way, 2008 6. Ahmed, Irshad Gulam , Kamala Das : The Poetic Pilgrimage. New Delhi: Creative Books,2005. 7. Ramamurti, K. S. Ed. Twenty-Five Indian Poets In English , Kolkata: Macmillan India Ltd. , 2008. 8. Sarkar ,Jaydip (ed. ) Kamala Das and Her Poetry , Kolkata: Books Way,2009. - .

Brave New World - Is Individuality a Threat to Society, or a Gift to So

As man has progressed through the ages, there has been, essentially, one purpose. That purpose is to arrive at a utopian society, where everyone is happy, disease is nonexistent, and strife, anger, or sadness is unheard of. Only happiness exists. But when confronted with Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, we come to realize that this is not, in fact, what the human soul really craves. In fact, Utopian societies are much worse than those of today. In a utopian society, the individual, who among others composes the society, is lost in the melting pot of semblance and world of uninterest. The theme of Huxley's Brave New World is community, identity, and stability. Each of these three themes represents what a Brave New World society needs to have in order to survive. According to the new world controllers, community is a result of identity and stability, identity is a part of genetic engineering, and stability is what everyone desires to achieve. These themes are represented in the bo ok by the symbolic meaning of the phrase "Children are from bottles" and the hypnotic phrase "Everybody belongs to everybody else. For a better understanding it is useful to explore these themes in detail. Community refers to the thought of one whole unit. Everyone is connected, by their actions toward each other in every day life, sexual desires, and what they do to remove the feeling of horrible emotions. This connectedness and lie, and its effects can be seen in the character of Bernard, a person who hates what society has become. The year is A.F. 632 (After Ford; Ford is the equivalent to God in Brave New World and with the available technology, citizens are mass produced. But have an underlying theme in common. The stability of this brave new w... ...ch.† It is this willingness of man to make the same mistake twice that in 2000 the ideas in Brave New World do not seem that far off base. Most people thought that with the collapse of the Soviet Union it would put an end to the suffering and an all-controlling government. But with an influx of clones, test tube babies, government controls of television, needless violence, and the search for the perfect mood altering drug. Who is to say that Brave New World is not earth in fifty years? As more people lose their individuality they become connected with community. It is with this connection that they begin to let others control their lives and humanity is already headed in that direction. Brave New World should not only be seen as a great piece of science fiction. It should be seen as a warning. Of what can happen when people live up to the influence of outside sources.

Nursing Research Utilization Project Essay

Plans to Decide the Future of Your Solution This evidence-based practice method will be implemented as a proposed solution to decreasing heart failure (HF) readmission rates. Transitional care activities ensure health care continuity, reduce risk of poor health outcomes, and facilitate safe transfer between levels of care or health care settings (Naylor et al., 2011). Methods and Specific Plans to Maintain a Successful Project Solution Methods and Specific Plans to Extend a Successful Project Solution This proposal will be implemented as a pilot program between the Heart Hospital and the Norfolk branch of the home care agency. If this transitional care program is successful in reducing HF readmission rates, additional sites will be given the opportunity to participate. Preference will be given to those agency locations that have a large HF population served by the Heart Hospital. The project team will reach out to the branch administration and clinical educators to share program details and current data related to readmission rates as a result of program implementation. The team will also assess whether this program proposal is feasible at other hospitals within the health system. The team will gather input from hospital administrators and the informatics department to decide which hospitals would be best suited to pilot this program. In addition, there must be a home health agency that is part of the system located within 25 miles of the hospital. The end goal of this proposal is to achieve system wide implementation of the transitional care program at all 12 acute care facilities and 19 home health branches in Virginia. Methods and Specific Plans to Revise an Unsuccessful Project Solution Ongoing monitoring of the transitional care program for HF readmissions will be performed by the representatives of the hospital and home health agency. On the hospital side, a clinical nurse specialist on the cardiac unit and a program analyst will ensure that referrals are made to appropriate patients and discharge plans include the transitional care activities. On the home health side, the Norfolk branch team leader, clinical informaticist, and information technology data specialist will monitor program operations. This team will collaborate closely to ensure that program implementation is successful. If the program is not yielding the expected outcomes then a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis will be performed. All barriers identified will be addressed in a timely manner and changes may be made to the initial plan to promote success. In addition, staff and patients will be surveyed to ascertain challenges not readily apparent to the implementation team. These surveys will be designed and conducted by the clinical education department for the hospital and home health agency. The timeframe for conducting patient surveys will occur within seven days of admission into the program and then every 60 days. Since patients will need to be reassessed every 60 days for continuation of home health services, it is feasible to conduct the transitional care program survey concurrently. The team reserves the right to conduct additional patient surveys if a patient is readmitted to the hospital at any time during program participation or opts out of the transitional care program. Staff at the hospital and home health agency will be surveyed 90 days from their training date on the transitional care program and then every six months. Results of these surveys will be shared with the project team implementation coordinators during the monthly team meeting. Methods and Specific Plans to Terminate an Unsuccessful Project Solution Specific Plans for Feedback in the Work Setting and for Communicating the Project and its Results to Professional Groups External to the Project Conclusion Despite its high prevalence, HF care is often fragmented and uncoordinated. The transitional care program proposed by the team seeks to address these gaps in care and to reduce HF readmission rates. Discussion Questions References Melnyk, B.M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practices. (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBooks. Russell, D., Rosati, R.J., Sobolewski, S., Marren, J., & Rosenfeld, P. (2011). Implementing a transitional care program for high-risk heart failure patients: Findings from a community- based partnership between a certified home healthcare agency and regional hospital. Journal for Healthcare Quality, 33(6), 17-24. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Basic Terminologies in Food Preparation Essay

Research about garnishing, plating, mixing of juices, How to serve in glasses Garnishing A food item which is served with garnish may be described as being garni, the French term for ‘garnished’. A garnish is an item or substance used as a decoration or embellishment and often a flavor component on a prepared food dish or drink. In many cases, it may give added or contrasting flavor, some garnishes are selected first to augment the visual impact of the plate, while others are selected specifically for the flavor they may impart. A garnish makes food or drink items more visually appealing. They may, for example, enhance their color, such as when paprika is sprinkled on a salmon salad. They may give a color contrast, for example when chives are sprinkled on potatoes. They may make a cocktail more visually appealing, such as when a cocktail umbrella is added to an exotic drink. Plating The arrangement and overall styling of food upon bringing it to the plate is termed plating. Some common styles of plating include a ‘classic’ arrangement of the main item in the front of the plate with vegetables or starches in the back, a ‘stacked’ arrangement of the various items, or the main item leaning or ‘shingled’ upon a vegetable bed or side item .Item location on the plate is often referenced as for the face of a clock, with six o’clock the position closest to the diner. A basic rule of thumb upon plating, and even in some cases prepping, is to make sure you have the 5 components to a dish; protein, traditionally at a 6 o’clock position, vegetable, at a 2 o’clock position, starch at an 11 o’clock position, sauce and garnish. Mixing of Juices Understanding how to combine different types of juice may improve your success in making fresh juice that is easier to digest. This is a method for selecting the right juices to mix, according to their compatibility. As a result, easy digestion is promoted. When you consume juice or food it undergoes many changes and is broken down into its constituent nutrients and then absorbed. A noteworthy feature of digestive secretions is that your body adjusts its fluid and enzymes to the character of the food eaten and juices consumed. There are, however, limitations in this process. It is possible for your body to adjust its digestive secretions to a particular  juice, however, complex it may be, but this adjustment process can be incomplete when a variety of juices are consumed at the same time. This combining of incompatible juices may cause digestive disorder. Fruit juice is categorized according to the type of fruit it is from. The four fruit categories: Sweet fruits, acidic fruits, sub acidic fruits, and watery fruits. How to serve in glasses Selecting the right glassware for your table and bar will enhance the appearance of your presentation, add elegance to your serving style and give flair to an aspect of ordinary dining and entertaining that is often overlooked. Beyond the aesthetics, specialized glassware is created to complement the drink it is intended to serve. Knowing the basics of wine, beer, and cocktail glasses can ensure that each and every beverage you serve can be enjoyed at the peak of its flavor. Use this guide to determine the most appropriate glassware for your needs and impress friends and connoisseurs alike. Wine Glasses Although wine glasses come in many different sizes, the cup portion or â€Å"bowl† is the most important aspect. The visual appeal, body of the wine and play of the aromas are all factors in choosing the correct glass. There are no hard, fast rules for serving wine, but the following standards are generally observed. * Red Wine – Traditionally, red wines with strong bouquets are served in the larger bowled wine glasses. The greater exposed surface gives these heady wines a good opportunity to breathe without losing the aroma. * White Wine – Lighter, more delicate white wines are served in taller glassware with a more narrow bowl that allows the bouquet to concentrate. * Champagne – The tall slender flute style glass is the best fit for champagne as it displays the sparkling quality of the bubbles at the best advantage. The low, wide open champagne glasses aren’t really practical as they are easily spilled and cause the champagne to go flat much more quickly. * Sherry/Port – As sherry and port are generally strong wine hybrids that are served as pre or post dinner aperitifs, they are generally served in exceptionally small glasses. Like liqueurs, Sherry and Port are both meant to be sipped and the size of the glass indicates the correct  serving amount. Beer Glasses While true beer enthusiasts will tell you that using any glass is preferable to drinking from the bottle or can, there are specific glasses for specific types of beer. Like wine, the shape of the glass will affect the aroma and subsequent overall enjoyment of the beer. Unlike in Europe where there are many different types of beer appreciated and thus many beer glass styles, American beer is typically served in mugs or pilsner glasses. A pilsner glass is the typical tall narrow glass with the slightly wider rim that you will see frequently used in bars. Lighter beers are traditionally served in pilsner glasses while darker, heavier brews are more compatible with mugs or steins. Cocktail Glasses There are countless numbers of cocktail concoctions and mixed drinks, but luckily most of these drinks are intended for a standard set of glasses. * Collins Glasses – Alternately referred to as tumblers, these 14-16 oz tall glasses are the right choice for soft drinks, whiskey sours, bloody marys and any juice-based cocktail such as the cranberry juice and vodka. The larger size of the glass complements the limited amount of alcohol content in these drinks. Most standard drinking glasses can be classified as Collins glasses. * Highball Glasses – At a slightly smaller 10-12 ounces, highball glasses are used for stronger mixed drinks such as the tequila sunrise, gin and tonic and long island iced tea. These are also commonly used when a â€Å"tall† version of a stronger drink is requested. Thin and elegant, the highball glass is a classy addition to any glassware collection. * Rocks Glasses – Also called â€Å"old-fashioned†, these small square shaped glasses are used to serve cocktails with a high alcohol content and little else, such as rum and coke, southern comfort or seven and seven. As can be inferred from their name, rocks glasses are also used to serve shots â€Å"on the rocks†. * Shot Glasses – As the name indicates, shot glasses are used for serving shots straight up. In addition, shot glasses can also be used to measure the amount of alcohol used in other mixed drinks and are a great addition to any bar, even if you don’t plan on serving shots. * Hurricane Glasses – A tall glass with a graceful curve in the center, Hurricane glasses are typically employed to serve their  namesake drink, along with daiquiris and margaritas. The beautiful shape of the glass makes any drink visually pleasing. * Martini Glasses – One of the most easily recognizable glasses and the favorite of James Bond devotees worldwide, martini glasses are primarily used to serve†¦martinis. The wide, triangular glass is available in many unique styles and is a staple of any bar set-up.

The Personal A of Spanish

The Personal A of Spanish In English, theres no difference in the way the following two sentences are structured: I saw the tree.I saw Teresa. But in the Spanish equivalent, theres an obvious difference: Vi el rbol.Vi a Teresa. The difference is a one-letter word - a - but its an essential one to learn. Known as the personal a, the short preposition is used to precede direct objects when those objects are people. Although a is usually translated as to, the personal a normally isnt translated into English. The First Rule of the Personal A The basic rule is a simple one: The a precedes the mention of a specific person or persons used as a direct object, and (except in some rare cases where its used for clarification) it is not used in other cases. Some simple examples: Levantà ³ la taza. (He lifted the cup.)Levantà ³ a la muchacha. (He lifted the girl.)Oigo la orquestra. (I hear the orchestra.)Oigo a Taylor Swift. (I hear Taylor Swift.)Recuerdo el libro. (I remember the book.)Recuerdo a mi abuela. (I remember my grandmother.)No conozco tu ciudad.  (I dont know your city.)No conozco a tu padre. (I dont know your father.)Quiero comprender la leccià ³n. (I want to understand the lesson.)Quiero comprender a mi profesora. (I want to understand my teacher.) The a is not used if the object doesnt refer to anyone specific: Conozco a dos carpinteros. (I know two carpenters.)Necesito dos carpinteros. (I need two carpenters.) Keep in mind that a is a very common preposition with a variety of translations. The basic rule here pertains to its use preceding a direct object, not in the numerous other cases where a preposition is called for. Although the basic rule is quite simple, there are a few exceptions (arent there always?), and even an exception to an exception. Key Takeaways: The Personal A in Spanish The personal a is used in Spanish before direct objects.The personal a is generally used when the direct object is a person, or an animal or thing that is thought of as a having personal qualities.Although in other contexts a is the equivalent of the English to, the personal a is usually not translated to English. The Exceptions With certain pronouns: This is really more of a clarification rather than an exception. When used as direct objects, the pronouns alguien (somebody), nadie (nobody) and quià ©n (whom) require the personal a. So do alguno (some) and ninguno (none) when referring to people. No veo a nadie. (I dont see anyone.)Quiero golpear a alguien. (I want to hit somebody.) ¿A quià ©n pertenece esta silla? (Whose chair is this?) ¿Taxis? No vi ningunos. (Taxis? I didnt see any.) ¿Taxistas? No vi a ningunos. (Taxi drivers? I didnt see any.) Pets: Many pet owners think of their animals as people, and so does Spanish grammar, so the personal a is used. But the a isnt used with ordinary animals. Veo a mi perro, Ruff. (I see my dog, Ruff.)Veo tres elefantes. (I see three elephants.) Personification: A country or object can be personified, that is it can be treated as if it were a person. Use of the personal a often implies some sort of a personal relationship, such as an emotional attachment, with the noun personified. Yo extraà ±o mucho a Estados Unidos. (I very much miss the United States.)Abracà © a la muà ±eca a causa de era mi amiga. (I hugged the doll, for she was my friend.) With tener: Generally, the a is not used after tener. Tengo tres hijos y una hija. (I have three sons and a daughter.)No tengo jardinero. (I dont have a gardener.) Exceptions to an Exception After tener: The personal a is used after tener when it is used in the sense to physically hold someone or to have someone somewhere. Tengo a mi hijo en los brazos. (I have my son in my arms.)Tengo a mi hija en el pesebre, I have my daughter in the crib. The personal a can also be used after tener when its usage suggests a particularly close or emotional relationship. Cuando estoy triste y necesito hablar, tengo a mis amigos. (When I am sad and need to talk, I have my friends.)Tengo amigos.  (I have friends.)

Forms of Govt in Sparta and Athens essays

Forms of Govt in Sparta and Athens essays Compare and contrast how the ideas about government affected the governing of Sparta and Athens. Even in single countries, different regions sometimes have governments that are very similar and at the same time, very different. Such a case occurred in ancient Greece, in the city-states of Sparta and Athens. While Sparta was more based on oligarchy, Athens was a democracy. Their profound differences in rule often caused them to war against each other. These two significant ancient Greek city-states, Sparta and Athens, had many differences and similarities in how their ideas about rule influenced their government. Spartan government was an oligarchy, it was based on financial status and militarism. The Spartans ruled over a set of oppressed people from Messenia known as helots. They outnumbered the Spartans by a large amount, and they revolted. The Spartans were just barely able to crush the revolution. They decided they needed their government to focus on military and their way of life to form a solid, completely unified society. The document entitled "The Lycurgan Reforms" says that "obedience to their [the people of Sparta] legislator" was the reason why the society prospered. They had an assembly of all citizens over thirty years of age that played a part in the government. They elected five magistrates, called ephors. These magistrates held only one year in office but had considerable power. Despite these officials, two hereditary kings and their council of elder advisors (the gerousia) still had the power to overrule any decisions made by the magistrates and the assembly. The assembly of citizens supported the militaristic lifestyle of Sparta. In fact, Sparta was the only Greek city to support a full-time army. Citizens maintained their lives by having private plots in Messenia farmed by helots. Thus, the Spartans had a lot of free time, so the boys began to be sent to army camp at the age of seven and suffered the brutal wa...

4 Ways You Can Use Your Holiday Break to Gear up for the New Year

4 Ways You Can Use Your Holiday Break to Gear up for the New Year Once you’ve settled down from all  the  excitement  of the holiday season, it’s important to look towards the New Year and have a plan. It can be temping to procrastinate and forget about your workplace responsibilities, but staying on track even in the face of a relaxing holiday is very important.   Instead, consider using downtime over the holiday break this year to set yourself up for a great start to 2017. Here are four ways to set yourself up for a productive 2017 and get ahead of the inevitable New Year’s resolutions.1.  Think about what you’ve done in 2016Take a look at your past year. You have the luxury of doing this without the day-to-day distractions of emails, meetings, and requests from colleagues, so take advantage of the time to stop and review. What worked for you in the past year? Did you start new habits that made your day easier? Did you cut out distractions? Start a new job?On the flip side, be honest about what didn’t go so well. If you felt like you didn’t have enough time to get everything done, what could you have done to streamline your schedule?2. Think about your goals for 2017.Once you get a picture of how your year went and what you might be able to do to improve next year, set some reasonable goals. Try not to fall into the New Year’s resolution trap, where we set goals based on a kind of idealized version of ourselves. Sure, it would be great if you could change everything on day one- no junk food, hitting the gym every day, never checking Facebook at work, or other worthy resolutions. Human nature usually has other plans, though, and we often slip right back into our previous ways by, oh, February.For your professional goals, make sure you’re staying practical and possible. If you think you’d like to change jobs, give yourself a timeline (complete with achievable steps) throughout the year. For example:February: Update your resume.March: Research potential c ompanies and recruit a friend to run through practice interviews with you.April: Start applying for job openings.Regardless of whether or not you want to leave your current job, think of the bigger picture: what would you like to be working on? If there’s a dream project you have within your existing role, or one that would be a little bit of a stretch for you, start mapping it out. Make an outline of what would be involved, and have a plan ready to discuss it with your manager after the holidays.Whatever your goals are, it’s crucial to do your prep work. The SMART (Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic, and Timely) guideline is very helpful for building goals, weeding out unworkable ones, and saving yourself some grief.3. Catch up on unfinished business.Was there something you wanted to check off your to-do list before you rushed out the door for the holiday? Now’s your chance to take a crack at it without calls, meetings, or other workday tasks getting i n your way. I know it’s your time away from the office, but if you take two hours now to set yourself up for the return to work, think how calm you’ll feel next week while everyone else is scrambling to get back to work.4. Reach out to your network.The new year gives you an easy â€Å"in† to reach out to someone you haven’t talked to in a while. Even if you don’t have many of your professional contacts on your annual Christmas card list, a â€Å"Happy New Year!† note is a great opportunity to reconnect for 2017.Even if you do all four of these things, you’ll still have plenty of time for holiday joy and relaxation with friends and family. Think of it as an investment in yourself for the next year†¦ and you don’t even have to hit the gym or give up that bad habit to do it.

Copyright law and Internet downloading, social boundaries and the Essay

Copyright law and Internet downloading, social boundaries and the Internet - Essay Example Downloading information from the Internet and using them in research papers would be simple and easy. It makes a researcher’s work lighter. It even makes research job funnier and interesting. However, there are ethical boundaries in the process of reusing the information. Developing a paper requires proper recognition of sources and not merely copying the statements it contains and merge it with the new document. There are legal implications, as far as copyright laws are concerned, as to how much from the original work one can use and when you can use them freely without the consent of the authors. Review of Literature Copyright Laws Printed materials whether work of art, literatures, or results of research and other scientific activities are products of intellectual endeavors. Their impact in the society cannot be felt unless they are published and shared. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property, and is protected by copyright laws once they are translated into some forms in some way. There are motivations in sharing in fact copyright protection was â€Å"viewed as offering an incentive for the production of artistic, scientific, and other creative content, while permitting the public to access, use and innovate with such creative works.† The World Intellectual Property Organization pioneered the protection mechanisms currently in place. WIPO was first to recognize the importance of protecting intellectual properties by organizing the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1883 and the Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1886.

Definition of Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of Success - Essay Example Success is about demonstrating superiority in the form of capabilities. Success is characterized by self-development, strong commitment, learning, cooperating and mastery of tasks. Success is doing work as best as one can to achieve the goal set by the superior and feeling happy. For example, a team leader who develops a product that fulfills the needs of customers is deemed successful. Also, a junior officer who gets promoted after hard work and dedication is deemed successful. Success is goal related set by oneself or others. If the person achieves that goal then they have been successful. Success is therefore the effort applied in achieving that goal. It is all about satisfaction, achieving the goal and being happy with it. A successful person exceeds the success criteria of the set goal in given timelines effectively and efficiently, with an optimum utilization of a set budget without violating the core values of the company or organization. According to this dimension, success can also be defined as the pleasant and powerful feeling of achievement that brings growth, improvement, development and getting better. For instance, if a person who wanted to establish a business succeeds in doing so, the person is said to be successful. Also, an individual who, for instance wanted to join college, ends up in joining one, such an individual has also achieved his/her goal and is deemed successful. Finally, if a department that was required by the production manager to produce 1,000,000 computers ends up producing 1,000,100,000 computers, such a department is deemed successful because they have not only achieved their goal but also surpassed it. This dimension I view success as becoming famous by achieving what I have set out to do. Here, success is defined by the contributions a person makes. I define it particularly by the good that I have contributed as well as by what is remembered about me who has finished the work. I often measured by the difference

Management of Massey Energy Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management of Massey Energy Company - Case Study Example From this paper it is clear that Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) claimed that the company had violated safety standards more than 50 times. This proves that the 29 workers died because of poor safety standards in the mine. Instead of improving the quality of the mine’s safety, the company was always challenging the accusations of the safety agency. Another factor that proves the company should be held responsible is the unethical acts of Don Blankenship. After receiving complaints about the safety conditions in the company, the CEO ignored the complaints and instead sent a memo to the management team, asking them to focus on the firm’s production rather than improving the safety standards. It was a moral responsibility for Don to instruct the management team to shift their focus from the profitability of the company to safety. Such move would have prevented the accident from occurring. Conclusively, the mining firm is morally responsible for the deaths of i ts employees. If the company had implemented safety measures as required by MSHA, the accident would not have taken place.  

Critical Debates in Planning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Debates in Planning - Article Example 361). This a precise resolution to the ideology of devolution, and by so doing, the Scottish government shall be working to perfect their administrative goals in the field of devolution. Clifford and Morphet 2014: Devolution is different from the federation since devolved leadership of the sub-national authorities may be ultimate or temporarily reside in the central federation of a state. Therefore, a certain state may remain â€Å"de jure unitary† due to devolution. It is true that the past predictions on UK devolution, which leads to widespread policy in planning remains not materialized. The fact that there are similar themes handled in planning reforms of all UK and Ireland territories suggests that devolution has resulted in the creation of new space for policy mobility and experimentation. This is because political parties formed in each devolved nation has highly changed since their establishment, and new powers granted to them after implementation of devolution Acts (Clifford and Morphet 2014, p. 1). Arguably, the dynamic changes are contributing factors to the modern day democracies. There are related themes in planning reforms of all territories of Scotland and UK, and the form in which the particular concepts about a new approach can be found in a particular territory and appearance in another territory afterwards. The adaption towards consumption of renewable energy, for example solar and wind started in UK and was later on adapted by Scotland. This suggests that devolution in these nations has come up with a new space of policy mobility and experimentation (Tomaney and Colomb 2013, p. 8). The transfer has a higher probability to occur when there are proximate lessons (transferred from ideologically, geographically, or culturally proximate jurisdiction). This can definitely be witnessed with the devolved UK

Module 3 Case Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 Case Assignment - Coursework Example Not only can a manager use linear programming to identify the best mix of products to meet demand while effectively using available resources, or develop a production schedule and inventory policy that meet sales and demand needs. He can also use it to settle for the best distribution plan for shipping products from store to customer. Using linear programming to make quarterly product ordering decisions is referred to as production scheduling. This involves determining how much of each products produced by an organization in order to maximize profits for a given quarter taking into considerations the major constraints which limit feasible decisions (Barlow, & Ebooks Corporation, 2010). Consider Wamboga Limited a company specialized in manufacturing mobile phones. It manufactures two types of mobile phones namely WambogaX30 and WambogaX15.Wamboga limited makes quarterly decision about their product mix. The chief constraints are-: 3. Each mobile phone requires a memory chip WambogaX30 requires 2 chips of 16 GB while WambogaX15 requires a chip of 16 GB. There are 15000 chips available. Each WambogaX30 generates a profit KSH1OOO While each WambogaX15 generates a profit of KSH750. The problem is modeled first. This is done by the use of linear programming. Objectives, decision variables, and constraints are used .The decision variables are a representation of an unknown decision to be made. Each and every linear program has an objective that is either maximize profits or minimize production costs. The object has to be linear in the decision variables, that is, it should be the constraint’s sum times the decision variables. Models are significant since they enable formal description and definition of problems hence allowing simplicity in discovering solutions for optimal decision ideals using a computer. Solutions to models which have only two variables can be found without a computer .This is achieved by drawing the

Productivity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Productivity Management - Essay Example He illustrates the benefits of utilizing the system in a managerial perspective. Such advantages include diminished stress, decreased rates of procrastination, work balance, increased motivation, vitality, and overall achievements. In addition, the team will be more focused in achievement of goals. There is a rise in time improvement and people management, creativity and freedom. A leader cannot be successful without the cohorts of the scheme described above. It all assists the leader to work and lead others strategically, working towards achievement of clear goals (Allen, 2008). The parallels presented by the author are very valid and relate well with the five functions of management. Without proper incorporation of the five functions of management in any firm, the model described above cannot work to great success. The five functions of management are planning, organizing, directing, staffing, coordination and to some extent budgeting. Proper utilization of each management function will bring order, saving time and hence increasing productivity as the extent of confusion is decreased largely. Planning acts as a cover-up of all the other functions of management. The concepts presented aid one to have a planned life, a life that will demonstrate order as one moves in a certain direction to achieve leadership objectives. In essence, the parallels presented work hand in hand with the five functions of management to influence to a leader’s life

Module 3 Case Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 Case Assignment - Coursework Example Not only can a manager use linear programming to identify the best mix of products to meet demand while effectively using available resources, or develop a production schedule and inventory policy that meet sales and demand needs. He can also use it to settle for the best distribution plan for shipping products from store to customer. Using linear programming to make quarterly product ordering decisions is referred to as production scheduling. This involves determining how much of each products produced by an organization in order to maximize profits for a given quarter taking into considerations the major constraints which limit feasible decisions (Barlow, & Ebooks Corporation, 2010). Consider Wamboga Limited a company specialized in manufacturing mobile phones. It manufactures two types of mobile phones namely WambogaX30 and WambogaX15.Wamboga limited makes quarterly decision about their product mix. The chief constraints are-: 3. Each mobile phone requires a memory chip WambogaX30 requires 2 chips of 16 GB while WambogaX15 requires a chip of 16 GB. There are 15000 chips available. Each WambogaX30 generates a profit KSH1OOO While each WambogaX15 generates a profit of KSH750. The problem is modeled first. This is done by the use of linear programming. Objectives, decision variables, and constraints are used .The decision variables are a representation of an unknown decision to be made. Each and every linear program has an objective that is either maximize profits or minimize production costs. The object has to be linear in the decision variables, that is, it should be the constraint’s sum times the decision variables. Models are significant since they enable formal description and definition of problems hence allowing simplicity in discovering solutions for optimal decision ideals using a computer. Solutions to models which have only two variables can be found without a computer .This is achieved by drawing the

Botany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Botany - Essay Example Fortunately, the precious knowledge about herbal medicines has not been forgotten and currently a number of people are seeking herbal remedies as cures for their numerous ailments. There has been a lot of concern towards the use of herbal medicines. Many medical practitioners tend to argue that these forms of natural medicines could cause harm to the users since they are not medically tested and accepted as the right remedies or cures for certain ailments. Canada has regulated the use of natural remedies by drafting into its constitution the restrictions of administering herbal or natural medicines to the citizens (Green 7). For herbal remedy to be accepted in Canada, the following regulations must be followed. To begin with the remedy must be licensed, the site at which the remedy is being processed must also be licensed, good manufacturing practices must be followed in accordance to the law, the remedy must pass the clinical trials, and finally the side effects of the remedy must be reported (Green 12). As to my opinion, restriction to natural remedies should be there but not that extensive. Most people have deep faith in natural products than in other synthetic drugs. Putting in place extensive restriction on herbal medicines will deny herbalists and those who believe in the power of herbs a chance to express their freedom. Herbal medicines are gaining great popularity in today’s world as people are trying to reduce the levels of chemical intake. Finally I would like to pose this question to my fellow classmate to answer â€Å"are natural remedies more effective than synthetic drugs? Green, Barry. Natural Health Product (NHP) Regulation in Canada. 06 May 2008 http://www.ottawaskeptics.org/topics/alternative-medicine/123-natural-health-product-nhp-regulation-in-canada. 22 November

Inner Beauty Matters Essay Example for Free

Inner Beauty Matters Essay Inner beauty matters How many times do we see ourselves in the mirror and make negative comments about our looks. I’m not pretty or I’m too fat or I’m too overweight. These are few of the phrases that first come to mind in most girls when they look at themselves in the mirror. Well, 90% of teenage girls do not like the way they look or appear. The reason for that is in our society you get attention from people if you look attractive and stunning. Some girls who are overweight would get negative comments from peers like- ‘That girl is too ugly’ or ‘That girl looks like a bulldozer’. Fat is not something you have, it is something you are. We dont say You have fat, we say, You are fat. We identify with our bodies. So the teenager gets the message that this fatness is badness. Some of the teenagers who don’t accept the way they look, try to change themselves by dieting which leads to illnesses and diseases like anorexia. Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve or maintain a controlled weight. In most cases the goal is weight loss in those who are overweight or obese, but some people these days start dieting because they want to change the way they appear to the society. But what really matters in life? An old proverb states, â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. † Something or someone is beautiful, depending on the perspective of the person looking in. But the major thing that matters is- Is the person good-looking from inside? Because Without a doubt inner beauty lasts forever whereas outer beauty fades. Anyone can fake the outside to make himself or herself look better and pretty but inner beauty cant be faked. For example you could be the most beautiful person in the world but if you have a horrible personality it just makes you ugly. Your body image is how you perceive, think and feel about your body but this may have no link at all on your actual appearance. For instance, it is common in Western nations for women to believe they are larger and fatter than they really are. Only 16% of women are satisfied with their body weight. Our body shape is already decided before we are born. Each one of us is a unique human being with our own genes from our mum and dad. There is only one person in the world shaped like you. Dieting does not change body shape. The distribution of weight on your body is going to stay the same so learn to love who you are. Dieting is not effective dieting changes a persons metabolism so that they are more likely to lose muscle mass than fat. Instead of dieting to look better and attractive, you can exercise, which is the best and safest way to become healthier. Feeling good about your body as it is helps you to maintain a positive outlook in other areas of your life.

HRM For Hospitality And Tourism Industries

HRM For Hospitality And Tourism Industries Introduction  · Human resource management (HRM) is the tactical and logical approach to the management of an organizations most esteemed property the people working there who independently and together contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.  · All methods and functions concerning the recruitment and development of personnel as human resources, with the aim of efficiency and greater output in a company, government administration, or other organization  · Human resource management (HRM) is the perceptive and application of the policy and procedures that directly involve the people working within the task team and working group. These policies include recruitment, maintenance, repayment, personal development, training and career development.  · is the effective use of human resources in order to improve managerial performance.  · The management of the workforce of a business to ensure satisfactory staff levels with the right skills, properly satisfied and motivated.  · Staffing function of the business. It includes the activities of human resources planning, recruitment, orientation, selection, , training, performance, payment, appraisal and safety. What is HRM? Human Resource Management (HRM) is a way of management that links people-related behavior to the tactic of a business or organization. HRM is often referred to as strategic HRM. It has numerous goals: To meet the needs of the business and management (rather than serve the interests of employees); To bond human resource strategies / policies to the company goals and objectives; To find ways for human resources to add value to an industry; To help a business gain the obligation of employees to its values, goals and objectives Human Resource Management for the Hospitality and Tourism Industries This takes an incorporated look at HRM policies and practices in the tourism and hospitality industries. Utilizing existing human resource management (HRM) theory and carry out, it contextualizes it to the tourism and hospitality industries by looking at the specific employment practices of these industries, such as how to manage tour reps or working in the airline industry. It initially sets the picture with a open review of the facts of HRM practice within the tourism and hospitality industries. Having identified the broader picture, the text then begin to focus much more plainly on a variety of HR policies and practices such as: Recruitment and selection: the effects of ICT, skills required specific for the industry and the nature of advertising Legislation and identical opportunities: illegal intolerance and managing assortment Staff health and welfare: aggression in the workplace, working time orders, smoking and alcohol and drug misuse wage strategies in the industry Human Resource Management for the Hospitality and Tourism Industries will be illustrated throughout with both examples of best practice for dictatorial training and discussion, and international case studies to put into effect problem solving techniques and contextualize learning. It incorporates a user friendly design and includes educational features such as: chapter outlines and objectives, HRM in practice The nature of HRM in hospitality and tourism; executive culture and the search for service quality; Labor markets; staffing and selection; equivalent Opportunities; Training and improvement; Staff health and welfare; Employee relations, involvement and participation; Performance management; compensation strategies in hospitality and tourism; Disciplinary and complaint procedures. Development in HRM in hospitality and tourism It is common knowledge that the performance of human resource management ( HRM ) is established in most organizations ranging from small- to medium- to large-scale corporations. The current-day human resource ( HR ) manager has direct control on the strategic direction and judgment of both private and public sector organizations. Tourism is the broad umbrella that drives related indicators within local and national economies. Hospitality organizations are motivated by public and private sector tourism policies and practices. The increase of telecommunication technologies along with the development of multinational hospitality organizations has generated an understanding of tourism policies on a global level. Sustainable tourism is a long-term mutual systems approach to establishing and maintaining pleasant-sounding relationships among hospitality/travel-related organizations and the social, cultural and environmental aspects associated with tourist destinations. While the process of sustainable tourism involves the establishment and maintenance of harmonious relationships, the goal is the creation of continued possibility and development of tourism-related entities. Proponents of sustainable tourism slot in in a process of creating a mutually favorable balance between the microenvironment (social, cultural and environmental aspects) and the microenvironment (internal workings of a specific organization). The objective of this process is the institutionalization of the tourism industry as a contributor to the sociocultural welfare and development of each and every destination. In essence, this aim seeks what might be called a triple win outcome. Successful sustainable tourism initiatives result in positive outcomes for consumers (guests, travelers and customers), organizations (commercial enterprises) as well as the society (indigenous people and cultures). But how does the practice of hospitality human resource management fit into this picture? CAREER PATHS As part of the commitment to the social environment of the community, human resource practitioners in sustainable tourism-based organizations must agree on the career goals and desires of host country citizens. While certain individuals will exist who do not possess progressive career aspirations, there will be others who will view the organization as a means to pursue professional development activities. For this reason, job design processes should provide a clear snapshot of knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes for every position within the organization through job descriptions and job specifications. The job descriptions and job specifications provide foundational information to track logical paths of career progression among the many disciplines found within the operations and administrative areas of a medium-to-large hospitality enterprise. Once these paths are discovered, human resource practitioners may engage in career counseling activities aimed at communicating activities to attain the necessary job requirements for internal promotions. Human resource practitioners may choose to take this one step further through formal succession planning programs coupled with training development activities. Many cases of global expansion within hospitality organizations include the placement of expatriate managers from home nations into positions at host country locations. STO strategies might be aimed at the temporary placement of such individuals until citizens of the host nation are adequately prepared to assume senior management positions. An advantage to this strategy would be the assimilation into the mainstream culture of the host nation by establishing a representation of senior management positions that are held by qualified host nationals. PROPORTION OF LOCAL STAFF MEMBERS It makes good business sense for human resource practitioners to scan the external environment of the host nation to determine the statistical representation of various groups of individuals by ethnicity, age, sex, race, national origin and in some cases religion. Once the demographics for the locale are discovered, the human resource manager would enact strategies aimed at a statistical representation within the organization that is somewhat similar to those evident within the region. Some reactive hospitality organizations might claim to have sufficient numbers of represented groups within their companies. Upon further inspection, however, it could be determined that the representation exists exclusively for lower-level position holders.   OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO HR MANAGERS TO IMPROVE THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THEIR STAFF Career options: Human Resource Management human Resource Management professionals are employed in medium large enterprises across all sectors of the workplace. The Australian Human Resources Institute defines the diverse roles of human resource practitioners as follows: They provide a support service and serve as technical advisers to line managers on issues such as recruitment, training and safety. They play an important role in defining the personnel policies that guarantee fair treatment of all employees, recognition of staff needs and democratic organization. They serve an audit role ensuring that managerial decisions agree with the personnel policies and are consistent across the organization. They explore ways of improving employee productivity and satisfaction, and keep managers informed about changes in employment legislation. They manage changing business processes brought about by a dynamic business environment, for example business restructures. They provide an ethical and legal understanding of the frameworks required for managing people in various types of business. Senior HR managers provide strategic input into the decision-making processes within their organizations. They build the corporate wisdom of their organizations through staff development and managing human resource information systems. They assist the organization to be customer focused by aligning the needs and requirements of the employees with those of the customers. In addition to knowledge and skills directly related to your program of study, you have also developed a range of other skills (e.g. teamwork, analytical, communication) through academic study, employment, voluntary work, sporting activities and life experience. These are often referred to as transferable skills because they can be utilized in different environments. Recognizing the value employers place on these skills is an important factor in your graduate job search. Positions and employers Many graduate employers recruit from a wide range of disciplines. The major directory of graduate recruitment in Australia, Graduate Opportunities, lists employers by the disciplines from which they are recruiting. You might be surprised by the range of employers recruiting from your degree and the sectors of the workplace where you might establish a career. Synopsis Human Resource Management is very important in business management. Management is an organizational function, like sales, marketing or finance. It doesnt necessarily mean managing people. We can manage ourselves or the material assigned to us at work. If you managed a project very well on your own, it would mean that you did the job in a well-organized, efficient manner, making good use of all resources at your disposal. Human resource management is fundamentally about ensuring that the right person with the right personality, knowledge base and skill set is best matched for a particular role within the company. Human resources professionals may also be responsible for organizing training needs, advertising vacancies, interviewing, selection, aptitude testing and disciplinary procedures in the event that an employee is not meeting expectations. When the company expands, production and cost management is very important to the existence of organization when considering about more profit, the executive level has to manage variety of resources of the organization. To have a efficient use of the physical resources of the organization, there should be a proper control of staff management. Thats what we call Human Resources Management.

The Color Purple - Character Analysis of Celie :: Alice Walker

In the color purple, we can see how Celie develops an identity for herself throughout the novel. At first we can appreciate how Celie does not longer believe in herself and looses all trust she had on herself. When Nettie gets older, about 12 years old, their father Fonso tries to get to Nettie, but Celie protects her and lets Fonso rape her instead of him raping Nettie. This at the beginning shows that Celie has enough strength to take decisions that will affect other people, however, this strength starts to disappear as the story continues. Celie is at most 14 when Mr.____ marries her. She does no talk about "making love" but instead refers to sex as "he gets on top of me and does his business". That shows how little Celie believes on herself as she thinks that Mr.____ could do sex without her. Then the story changes direction and the discrimination against Celie starts to be present. When Mr.____ beats her she does not try to fight back, but instead she remains passive to what is happening. On the other hand, Celie continues to work as the perfecto maid of the children and keeps the house perfectly clean and tidy. This shows that indirectly she does not like being beaten (obviously) but she does not say anything because of the fear she feels for men, she instead reacts to it in a way which shows the big heart Celie has. When Shug comes to Mr.____Â ´s house Celie starts to feel something that she had never felt. She start to feel emotions for Shug. As the relationship between Celie and Shug develops, Shug shows Celie that life, freedom and having an identity should be the best present for a black woman which is condemned and trapped for ever after on the cruel and racist society of those times. To begin with, Celie obtains freedom as she escapes from Mr.____ with Shug, then, she realises that life can be much better when you do not depend on any one else, and so Celie does no longer depend on any one but on herself.

Financial Development In 1985 Essay

In 1985, the interest rates were lower and more stable than in other years. 1978 experienced lowest short-term interest rates while long-term interest rate declined to a rate that has never been seen since 1980. The real interest rates- nominal rates adjusted for inflation- were also lower in 1985 than other years though going by historical standards, they remained very high. From January to early march, both short-term rates and long-term rates rose moderately by yearly highs. This is partly because of the strong demand for business credit and the ending of a period during which the Federal Reserve eased the pressure on banks on their reserve positions. Interest rate declined by April and June. The factors behind interest rate ________________________________ 5. Douglas A. Irwin & Joseph H. Davis. â€Å"Trade Disruptions and America’s Early Industrialization,† (2003). NBER Working Papers 9944, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. demand for business loans. Another factor that contributed to the second quarter drop in interest rates was because of the cut in the Federal Reserve’s discount rate. After midyear, the short-term rate fluctuated in a narrow range, slightly above June lows. By early December, the U. S. Treasury bill rate was 7. 10 percent. This was about one percent lesser than that of 1984. The long-term interest rate also fluctuated in the third quarter; however, in the late of October, it dropped rapidly. The continued drop in long-term rate was because of the low rate of inflation, the signs that showed that the economy would remain sluggish and that monetary policies would not tighten. Interest rates in 1985 were more stable than the most recent years. The rate of fluctuations for short-term rates was within the range of one and one-half-percentage points in the year compared to the three percent points in 1984 and considerably less than 1980-1984 periods. The long-term rates were also stable in 1985 and the rate of fluctuations was between a narrow range that was less than two percentage points. Nominal rates and interest rates were low in 1985 but going by historical standards, there were high. Growths in Monetary Policy in 1985 The growth in monetary policies in 1985 was moderately higher than that of 1984. M1 grew faster than most recent years while M2 grew fastest than in 1984. The growth rate of M3 in 1985 was less than that of 1984. M1, known as money supply grew at an annual rate of 11. 6 percent for the first 11 months of 1985. This is more than twice the growth in 1984. The resurgence in the growth of demand deposit and a rebound in the growth of 6. Diebold, Francis X & Rudebusch, Glenn D, â€Å"Have Postwar Economic Fluctuations Been Stabilized? ,† September 1992. American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(4), pages 993-1005. other checkable deposits caused the rapid growth. After exhibiting little growth on balance in the past five years, demand deposit grew to 8. 0 percent rate in the first 11 months of 1985. There was a sharp declination in M1’s turnover in 1985 just as it grew more rapidly than nominal GNP. M2 grew at an annual rate of 8. 6 percent in the first 11 months of 1985. This was somewhat more than that of 1984. In contrast to the growth of M1’s in 1985, M2’ growth was likened to the growth of 1980-1984 periods. Several other components in M2 grew rapidly in 1985 than in 1984. Savings deposit increased in 1985 after contrasting in 1984. Some of the 1985 growths may have come from the expense of small-time deposits. M3 slowed sharply in contrast to M1 and M2 in 1985. M3 grew at an annual rate off 8. 3 percent for the first 11 months of 1985. This is considerably less than that of any recent years. This slow growth was because of the declined growth in large denomination time deposits. Growth of term repurchase agreement and institution-only markets fund were slowed down in 1985. The growth of domestic non-financial debt also slowed in the first 11 months of 1985, growing at a rate of 12. 8 percent, which moderately low than that of 1984. This nonfinancial debt consists of outstanding debts of all governmental units, household, and nonfinancial businesses.

Survey on Body Image

Ref. No. ((((Interviewer No. _____ Survey on Body Image (Sample Questionnaire) PART I Please put a tick ( in the box that best reflects your opinion. 1. Are you aged over 25? ( Yes (Please continue answering question 2 in this part) ( No (This is the end of this survey. Thank you very much for your assistance! ) 2. In general, are you satisfied with your body figure? (Interviewer please check the quota) ( Yes ( No PART II Please indicate how do you think about the following statements is true by circle the number. No. |Questions |Strongly |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | |Disagree | | | |Agree | | | | | | | | | |2 |I think I am shorter than I should have. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |3 |I prefer to wear clothes that can hide my body shape. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |4 |I need to do something to change my body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |5 |I am very dissatisfied with my body figure. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |6 |I always take records of my body weight. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |7 |I always read diet publications. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |8 |I always calculate the calorie intake. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |9 |I always pay attention on the issue of slimming. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |10 |Celebrities’/models’ body image is my desired body image. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |11 |I feel unsatisfactory to my body shape when comparing with the |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |celebrities’/models’ body image. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |12 |I am very envious of those celebrities’/models’ body figures appear on those |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |slimming advertisements. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |13 |I want to look as good as a model/celebrity. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | |14 |I think celebrities’/models’ body image is a symbol of beauty. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |No. Questions |Strongly |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | |Disagree | | | |Agree | | | | | | | | | |16 |I believe I would have more job opportunities if I have a good figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |17 |I believe I would have longer life if I have a good figure. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |18 |I believe I would have many admirers if I have a good figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |19 |I believe I would have more acceptances in social life if I have a good |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |figure. | | | | | | |20 |People around me are more likely to make friends with slim people. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |21 |People around me would use different ways to keep body shape. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |22 |People around me do not satisfied with their body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |23 |People around me like discussing on their body shape. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |24 |I feel not in the group if I am fatter than people around me. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |25 |I do mind if people play a joke on my body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |26 |IÂ  do mind if I find that I have gained some weight. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |27 |I do mind people telling me I am fat. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |28 |I feel bad talking to another female with slim body. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |29 |I feel guilty when I eat too much. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |30 |All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |31 |I take a positive attitude toward myself |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |32 |I have confidence in myself. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |33 |At times I think I am no good at all |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |34 |I feel that I have a number of good qualities |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | 35. I most frequently obtain information about slimming from the following channel (tick ( one only): ( TV ( Radio ( Newspaper ( Magazine ( Internet ( Others (please specify):____________________ Part III We would like to end with a few demographic questions. Please write down the related information or put a tick ( in the appropriate option. 1 |My age is: ______ years | |2 |My weight is: about ______________ pounds (or ______ kg) | |3 |My height is: about ______feet ______inches (or ______ cm) | |4 |How often do you exercise? ______ times per month | |5 |My marital status is: ( Single ( Married ( Widowed ( Divorced ( Separated | |6 |My monthly inocme is: | | |( Below $5000 ( $5001-$9000 ( $9001-$15000 ( $15001-$25000 ( $25001 or above | |7 |The highest level of education I attained: | |( Primary school or below ( Lower secondary ( Upper secondary ( Matriculation | | |( Certificate/Diploma/Higher Diploma/Associate/Bachelor’s Degree ( Master’s Degree ( Ph. D. | ———————– Thank you very much for your assistance! Hello! I am a student of XX University. I am now conducting a survey about body image among Chinese female adulthood. It is grateful if you could take 5 to 10 minutes to complete this questionnaire. There is no right or wrong answer. Your participa tion is voluntary. The information obtained in this study will be used to prepare a research report and no identifying information will be revealed in the dissemination of the results. Thank you.

Martin v Myers

There are two primary grounds of appeal.   The first ground is founded on principles of adverse possession.   It can be successfully argued that adverse possession by definition and application does not arise in this case since it was always the title owners intention that A live on the property.   The second ground of appeal is founded on principles of constructive trusts in which case it can be argued that permitting A to acquire legal title to the trust property is and was contrary to the parties’ intentions.Adverse PossessionMr. Nicholas Strauss QC erred in finding that A acquired title by virtue of the doctrine of adverse possession.   The doctrine of adverse possession requires more than a mere 12 years of undisturbed possession.   As Lord Browne-Wilkinson   explained in J.A. Pye (Oxford) Ltd. and Others v Graham and Another [2003]:â€Å"The question is simply whether the defendant squatter has dispossessed the paper owner by going into ordinary possession o f the land for the requisite period without the consent of the owner.† (J.A. Pye (Oxford) Ltd. and Others v Graham and Another [2003] 1 AC 419)In appears from the ruling in Martin v Myers that Mr. Nicholas Strauss QC took a purely one-sided view of possession. (Martin v Myers [2004] EWHC 194)   For the purposes of the doctrine of adverse possession, possession is required to contain two elements.   Those elements are factual possession and an intention to possess. Slade J in Powell v McFarlane (1977) described factual possession as the exclusive occupation of the land to the extent that a true owner is otherwise entitled to occupy it. Slade J went on to explain that:â€Å"The question what acts constitute a sufficient degree of exclusive physical control must depend on the circumstances, in particular the nature of the land and the manner in which the land of that nature is commonly used or enjoyed.† (Powell v McFarlane (1977) 38 P&CR 452 at 470)Obviously, A’ s possession of the home purchased by E was not intended to dispossess E, an essential element of adverse possession. As it happened, E purchased the property intending for it to be occupied by both he and A and their seven children. Therefore upon his passing, his intentions would have continued and had he not disposed of the property by will it would have and should have devolved by the laws of intestacy. (Administration of Estates Act 1925, Part II)   Certainly he must have intended for A to remain in the â€Å"matrimonial home† until such time as she passed on.   Therefore there could not have been any acquisition of title upon his death by virtue of the doctrine of adverse possession.   A’s possession of the â€Å"matrimonial home† was merely consistent with E’s intention upon the purchase of the home.In disposing of property under Part II of the Administration of Estates Act 1925 the â€Å"matrimonial home† would have been divided among the next of kin. (Administration of Estates Act, 1925)   In this case, since A and E were not wed, the children are the next-of-kin. The home was purchased specifically for the purpose of providing a home for A, E and their children and it is certainly within E’s intention that A should remain in the â€Å"matrimonial home† until such time as she passed on.   The children, who are the appellants in this case, acting in a manner consistent with E, the paper owner’s intention did not insist that A deliver vacant possession upon E’s death.   It would appear to be contrary to principles of equity to interpret their well-meaning conduct against them in a purely technical sense.Aware that there was a constructive trust which provided for A to remain in possession of the â€Å"matrimonial home† the appellants were merely honouring their father’s wishes.   A, on the other hand, by passing the home on to her son P was acting against Eâ€℠¢s intentions and against the spirit and intent of the constructive trust.   When one considers the implications of a constructive trust, it becomes clear that Mr. Nicholas Strauss QC erred on both equitable and common law principles.Constructive TrustsA constructive trust is imposed upon the paper owner of realty in circumstances where it is commonly understood that the property is held for the benefit of the owner and others. (Gissing v Gissing. [1971] AC 886)   In the Martin case there is no question that E held the paper for the benefit of himself, A and their seven children, four of whom are the appellants.   As Lord Justice Dillon said in Springette v Defoe [1992] 2 FLR 388:â€Å"†¦the common intention of the parties must, in my judgment, mean a shared intention communicated between them. It cannot mean an intention which each happened to have in his or her, own mind but had never communicated to the other.† (Springette v Defoe [1992] 2 FLR 388 at p. 393)It i s assumed based on the facts of the Martin case that both A and E intended that the â€Å"matrimonial home† be held upon trust for themselves and their children.   As a result, the children’s interest in the home would not arise until such time as both A and E had died.   Therefore it would be contrary to the intention of the trust as created by E to allow for the children’s interest in the home to arise during A’s lifetime. Therefore the Limitations Act, 1980 could not start to run during A’s lifetime, as she was entitled to remain in the matrimonial home during her lifetime.   Likewise, the appellants’ interest in the matrimonial home did not arise until such time as both A and E had died.The common intentions of the parties is essentially what gives rise to a constructive trust. (Walker v Hall FLR 126) A, by leaving the property to her son P was acting in a manner inconsistent with the trust.   In any event, all that P could do wa s hold the property as trustee for the remaining children and himself as beneficiaries of the trust.   Since it is clear that the property is subject to a constructive trust the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 will apply. (Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996)By virtue of Section 3 of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 the appellants have an interest in the property as well as the proceeds of sale. (Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996, Section 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another issue that can be argued on appeal is that the home, which was trust property was sold contrary to Section 11 of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996.   By virtue of Section 11, a trustee may not sell the real estate which is trust property without first obtaining the consent of the beneficiaries under the trust.(Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996, Section 11)The courts when called upon to make an or der for sale or otherwise of the property are required to look at the purpose for which the trust was set up in the first place.   Ã‚  Ã‚   .(Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996, Section 13)   It therefore follows that had the appellants attempted to dispossess A following E’s death they would have been barred by virtue of Section 13 of the Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 since the property was purchased as a â€Å"matrimonial home† for A, E and their seven children.A’s interest in the matrimonial home is equitable in nature for two reasons.   E purchased the house for both he and A and their seven children.   Her interests together with the children’s interest will be determined by the equitable principles applicable to constructive trusts.   A’s second interest in the property arises out of the fact that she was an occupier of the property under the terms of the constructive trust.   Therefore A could not have dispossessed the appellant’s equitable interests in the matrimonial home by the operation of the Limitations Act 1980. (Smith, 2006)ConclusionA’s occupation of the matrimonial home until her death or until she chose to leave was subject to a constructive trust.   As a beneficiary under the constructive trust she was not dispossessing other beneficiaries under the trust by occupying the matrimonial home.   Therefore the statutory period for the acquisition of title by virtue of the doctrine of adverse possession could not have begun to run and neither could it arise to bar the equitable interests of the other beneficiaries under the trust.Moreover, even if one were to look beyond the operation of the constructive trust principles,   E had always intended for A and the children to remain in the matrimonial home.   Therefore upon his death, the appellants, by failing to claim an interest in the property were merely honouring their father’s wishes.    Wishes he clearly communicated when he purchased the home.   The mere fact that A were permitted to remain in the matrimonial home by the consent of the proper heirs to E’s property since E was not married to E and would not inherit under the laws of intestacy is a bar to any claim under the doctrine of adverse possession.As a result of the application of the legal principles there are two possible approaches to the appeal.   First it can be claimed that the matrimonial home was subject to a constructive trust which gave A the right to remain in the matrimonial home until her death, subject to the beneficial interests of the children.   Secondly it can be argued in the alternative, that E always intended for A to remain in the matrimonial home until her death therefore she could not have acquired title by virtue of adverse possession by occupying the house as long as she did.ReferencesAdministration of Estates Act 1925Gissing v Gissing. [1971] AC 886J.A. Pye (Oxfor d) Ltd. and Others v Graham and Another [2003] 1 AC 419Martin v Myers [2004] EWHC 194Powell v McFarlane (1977) 38 P&CR 452Smith, Roger.(2006) Property Law: Cases and Material.  Ã‚   London: LongmanSpringette v Defoe [1992] 2 FLR 388Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996Walker v Hall FLR 126

Food Packaging Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Packaging Industry - Research Paper Example The three topmost food packaging industries are located at US, Europe and Asia. The demand for packaging is initiated by the consumption demand of food materials and it is predicted that consumption demand for items like nut and chocolates will infuse the demand for packaging industry. The packaging should provide appropriate general information of the food inside. It should also take into consideration that there are certain information that government demands and the packaging industry should try to adhere to every demands of the people. Labels and packaging should be such that marketers can use them for successfully reaching out to the customer’s minds that is positioned. The design and outlook should be such that an image can be formed. Packaging industry should try to provide convenience in handling through packaging. This adds to convenient distribution, use and reuse of food contents (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, n.d.). The environmental factors, especially external environment of an industry plays a major role in its success. The objective of this part of the research paper is to focus on the general environmental trend analysis of food packaging industry along with analysis of this concern of Kraft Food Inc. The demographic environment of a packaged food industry consists of its customers profile mainly. If a company deals with packaged food internationally, then it is essential for it to consider customers variability all over the world. Food packaging manufacturers deals with the customers’ tastes and preferences and to understand their customers well in an attempt to increase their profitability, they need to evaluate customer’s profile from time to time. In Kraft Food Inc., the demographic environmental analysis shows that in the year 2008 and 2009, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. contributed 16% of its net revenue and 15% of net revenue in 2007. Apart from Wal-Mart

How to Conduct Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to Conduct - Research Paper Example To find answers to a research question, a research has to be undertaken. The two major approaches used in conducting a research is collection of secondary data or primary data (Ward & Wilkinson, 2006). However, in my research I used both secondary and primary data. I decided to use primary data collected in the course of the research. To collect these kind of data, I used a design of experiment with one of the learning institutions in these area as my sample, which I divided into different groups and administered different treatments to each group. The major resources used in my research were stationary and questionnaires. These were mainly for the collection of data used to draw a conclusion. I also had to compare the conclusion drawn from the data with information from the available literature concerning motivation and incentives. The main source of these literatures was the internet although I also consulted several library information sources. According to Steneck (2009), there are various rules that govern research in which some of them are federal rules, authorship and publication rules and confidentiality rule. As a person who values research I had to observe these rules from the beginning of my research to the end. From this research, I found out that incentive play a very great role in promoting students’ performance. However, I also found out that the roles motivation plays in enhancing students’ performance vary across the different types of motivation. I learned from this research that the outcome of a research depends on the type of data collected as well as the number of elements used in the collection of these

(Q2.The Government states that 'the adoption of the NEC3 2005 Essay

(Q2.The Government states that 'the adoption of the NEC3 2005 Engineering and Construction contract suits the needs of a modern construction industry'. Provide an appraisal in response to such a statement - Essay Example It is also been used in countries around the world like South Africa. Its use implies that it suits the requirements of the modern construction and engineering industry. However, opponents beg to differ (Gould, 2007). The Government Commerce in the United Kingdom has validated NEC3 for utilisation in the construction projects that are funded by the public. NEC3 also meets the requirements of the Achieving Excellence in Construction (Rowlinson, 2011). In the validation by the office of the Government Commerce, it is noted that NEC3 satisfies the principles set out by AEC, whose aim is to boost performance in the construction industry. It is also noted NEC3 is an up to date group of contracts that enhances the enactment of the right principles in construction projects. NEC3 is made up of three main elements. These key elements are the risk management, the settings of the contract, and the management of the project. Thus, under the three components, NEC3 looks at the type of regulations, the compensation, what and when of the project, and identifies people in charge of the project like the supervisor and the contractor (Construction Industry Development Board, 2005). In spite of the opposition from different sectors, an evaluation of the facts surrounding NEC3 can determine if it suits the requirements of the modern construction industry. NEC3 is composed of a group of two clauses, optional and key. Just to name but a few, the key clauses include time, general, payment, title, and compensation; while the optional ones include options A to F, which is the management contract. The beneficial aspects associated with NEC3 include fruitful approval by contractors and customers. It is not rigid in terms of the designs; hence, permitting any form of association between the contractors and the employers. It is characterised by brevity and simplicity in

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Professional Learning Communities Research Proposal

Professional Learning Communities - Research Proposal Example (DuFour, 2004, pp.6-11). For Senge, the five key disciplines underlying the concept of PLC include organizational learning, shared vision, mental models, team learning and systems thinking whereas Hord believes these five key elements to be supportive and shared leadership, shared values and vision, collective learning and application of learning, supportive conditions and shared personal practice (Alberta Education, 2006, pp.8 & 9). Since teachers play a key role in the over all accomplishment of any educational institute, they have become the cynosure of professional learning communities where they are considered as learners who are in a constant process of mentoring and being mentored. The reason behind bringing the teachers to the centre of attention is the fact that any kind of improvement happening in any classroom involves the participation of a teacher (Schwarz: 1998). Any development in teachers would not only improve students’ performance but would also motivate the teachers themselves. As a consequence of aggrandizing trend of professional learning communities, the education system has witnessed a considerable phase of amelioration. According to the studies of Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, as a result of professional development, the teachers do not confine their lessons to the conventional facts but keep updating their knowledge with latest developments in their fields. Similarly, the teachers do not expect normative feedback but appreciate multiple perspectives from their students. They also design the curriculum in such a way that the knowledge inculcated to the students becomes more thought provoking. In order to elucidate various concepts, they try to extract examples from the real life situations instead to sticking to the text book instances. Through the practice of collegiality facilitated by PLCs, teachers are now able to work in groups in order to share different teaching strategies about