Causes and Spread of infection

Causes and Spread of contagious diseaseconsequence 1 Understand the authors of infection11Identify the differences in the midst of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitesThe differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites beFungi arouse prison cell walls made up of chitin (found in outer skeleton of insects, shrimps and lobsters to a fault use in healing agents). Fungi and parasites are multi cellular (Ref www.euchis.org)Viruses are non living, they are only made of complex proteins and nuclear acidsBacteria are unicellular micro-organismsParasites and bacteria are animals(Bacteria, fungi and parasites are living organisms) (Dundas Welsby 2002, pp99-106)12Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites prevalent illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites areVirusesChicken poxShinglesLaryngitisPneumoniaMumpsCommon coldAidsWhooping coughMeaslesParasitesMalariaIntestinalScabies roundwormTapewo rmCrab louseFungiConjunctivitisAthletes footringwormThrushFungal nailIntertrigo (yeast)BacteriaColdsFluFeversMeningitisPneumoniaGastroenteritisImpetigoMRSASevere GI (caused by E-coli)Acne(Brooker Nicol 2003, pp254-255)13Describe what is meant by infection and closureThe meaning of colonisation occurs when micro-organisms inhabit on a part of the ashes for example, skin but dont cause signs and symptoms of infection colonize pathogens have the potential to cause infection if spread to a opposite parts of the em personify depending on the micro-organism colonised pathogens which heap be passed on from soulfulness to person from jibeing objects or not washing touchs. This is a major route of colonisation within the health care facilities. colonization of micro-organisms brook inhabit the server by being in or being on, they dont cause damage or absorb the tissue, yet if they do invade tissue this tail assembly make the person sick, which in turn will turn into an infecti on.Even though the host may not show signs of illness, they can still pass it on to others. (Lister Dougherty 2008, pp1112-1113)14Describe what is meant by systemic infection and localize infectionThe skins function is to protect the body from infectious organisms, but when there has been a break in the skin infections can pose a thr release. The meaning of localised infection is an infection that is limited to a specialized body region. The meaning of systemic infection is when the pathogen is distributed by means ofout the whole body by the bloodstream.Systemic infectionConjunctiva infection can cause ache-lived damage if not treated in measureLow resistive systems overdue to diabetes, kidney failure etc.The elderly or children may cause complications with infection due to their ageLocalised infection Swelling lossTemperature changes in infected area15Identify low-down practices that may lead to the spread of infectionCovered on ECA consort Training centreOut watch 2 Understand the transmission of infection21Explain the conditions needed for the yield of micro-organismsThe conditions needed for the growth of micro-organisms are nutrients for them to reproduce. It also requires warmth and moisture. They are not visible with the naked as a jaybird eye. The factor that encourages the growth of micro-organisms is nutrition, oxygen, temperature, PH and moisture. The PH and temperature determines the rate of growth. The moisture piles foods into the cell, and carrys the waste away from the cell to observe the content of cytoplasm (ground substance in where different components are found). altogether micro-organisms have a PH at which they can grow. (Brooker Nicol 2003, pp.254-255)22Explain the ways an infective agent might enter the bodyAn infective agent might enter the body through the mouth, stomach, intestines. The digestive tract. It can also be through broken skin.Areas of infectionThe respiratory system nose, lungs, windpipe.The digesti ve system spoiled food, unclean hold or objects.The urinary tract urethra, bladder, kidneys.Wounds on the skin cuts, grazes, trauma to the skin.There is also secondary infective agentGenital sexually transmitted, non-sexual PH instability (soaps, sprays, creams).Conjunctival to the eye ( frame, viruses, bacteria, advert lenses)The ways that gains entry to the person is by infecting the cellsTrauma bite infected animal, human, insectCongenital unborn luxuriate (developed through pregnancy. Rubella, pouletpox, herpes, syphilis)23Identify common sources of infectionThe topper source for infection is poorly chilled, heated or pollute food. grime laundry on a low heat setting, clinical waste, and contaminate equipment, others that may be infected. Unclean work sur strikingnesss in kitchens. We all come into march with hands, some just dont take hand hygiene seriously and will spread the infection further afield.24Explain how infective agents can be transmitted to a person Airborne inhalation of pathogens (microorganism disease producing agent such as bacteria, virus). The common cold and flu spread the infection to another person, any sneezing into the air, nasal droplets this may be from a nebuliser. Infected dust particles containing skin scales may cause a respiratory virus.Direct contact this would be person to person contact, such as dirty hands upon a patient or other way around. Sexual intercourse, chicken pox/shingles (herpes zoster) with the rash and until the last blister has dried up. Impetigo (staphylococcus aureus) which primarily affects children and resistant suppressed people.Hands are the main part of drag-infection. This can be transferred by microbes to other body areas, for example hand to face to phone (communal), to shared computers, to person with a handshake. They in turn have now picked up everything you have touched. If they dont wash their hands, the rhythm of cross infection will multiply too many others. With the am bulance cross contamination can be spread from person to equipment including steering wheels, radios, entrance handles. Your bodys blueprint may have a sober resistance to bacteria in your genes, but others you treat or touch may not and could potentially make them very ill.Indirect contact can be spread by fomites an inanimate object that becomes contaminated with infectious organisms and then transports those organisms to another person. This can accept childrens toys, chopping boards, plunders nappies, oxygen masks, Entonox breathing adaptors. They can live for a few minutes or a few hours. Indirect contact can also be spread by crawling or fast insects these are examples of vectors these are organisms that transmits pathogens and parasites (person, insect, animal). Insect bites may cause a compartmentalization of infections, one being malaria.Ingestion the organisms that infect the gastro-intestinal tract are ingested through the mouth by objects such as the hands, in drink, uncooked food, faecal/oral spread, eating food with unclean hands. Cross infecting would be to eat food while sharing communual keyboards/laptops who would in turn pass on to others by contracting sickness and diarrhoea and by not followers hand washing techniques, this will continue until the cycle is broken.Inoculations there may be a chance of a needle stick hurt caused by infected needles that may contain Hepatitis B virus, and as the inoculation has been put directly into the blood stream of the patient, an infection is high.25Identify the key factors that will make it more seeming that infection will occurThe key factors that will make it more likely that infection will occur are individuals susceptible to infection these would include older people with lowered immunity due to other illnesses or conditions, children or babies. Compromised circulation secondly to peripheral vascular disease. People with diabetes have a risk of developing infections if their blood sug ar is lower than normal. Urinary catheters or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes (PEGS). IV lines if kept in too long (when a paramedic inserts a needle to administer drugs, you should note the time and date it was inserted and place on the surrounding site of the needle, this keeps hospital module aware the length of time it has been in). Poor personal hygiene can be a factor and open to infections. Areas around skin folds due to obesity, as infections build up in moist areas such as the groin, stomach and under the breasts, infections can multiply rapidly in these areas. unripened and premature babies with under developed lungs and heart, this is due to the lungs not being richly developed affecting the oxygen levels in the cells. Infection may be more if the patient or person is contact with contagious agents.Referencing using Harvard/RefMEBrooker, C. Nicol, M., 2003. Nursing Adults The Practice of Caring, United state Mosby Elsevier health Science.Dundas, S. Welsb y, P., 2002. Common infirmary Infections Unknown. E. Sheppard, ed., London Science Press.European Chitin Society, 1996. What is chitin? https//www.google.co.uk/webhp?gws_rd=sslq=chitin. Available at http//euchis.org/ Accessed October 26, 2014.Hateley, P., 2003. Infection Control. In C. Brooker M. Nicol, eds. Nursing Adults The Practice of Caring. United Kingdom Mosby Elsevier Health Science.Hendry, C., 2011. Function of the immune system. Nursing Standard, 27.Lister, S. Dougherty, L., 2008. The royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures, school-age child Edition 7th ed., United Kingdom Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley Sons Ltd).prof Carlos Andrs Peniche Covas, 2007. Natural polymer Chitin shows great healing properties. https//www.google.co.uk/webhp?gws_rd=sslq=chitin+medical+uses. Available at http//www.news-medical.net/news/2007/07/16/27582.aspx Accessed October 26, 2014.Robinson, J., 2012. Fungal skin infections in children. Nursing Standard, 27.Un kown, 2008a. hindrance Nursing nursing the infectious or immunosuppressed patient. In L. Dougherty S. ListerUnknown, eds. The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures, Student Edition. United Kingdom Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley Sons Ltd).Unkown, 2008b. Infection Control. In S. Christopher, ed. NVQ/SVQ Level 3 Health Award for healthcare assistants. United Kingdom Heinemann.Weller, B., 2009. Baillires nurses mental lexicon for nurses and health care workers 25th ed. B. Weller, ed., United Kingdom Elsevier/Baillire Tindall.Wright, D., 2000. humane Physiology and Health for GCSE Student Book unknown. A. Clayton, ed., United Kingdom Heinemann Educational Publishers.Sharon H Ferguson-Guy